What is the difference between results and observation

The researcher becomes known in the community, getting to know and understand the culture in a more intimate and detailed way than would be possible from any other approach. The method is so effective because the researcher is able to directly. John CLB 1. What is participant observation and how it is deployed in ethnography? Elaborate on its advantages and disadvantages Participant Observation is a method for collecting data in qualitative research,such as ethnography ,seeking to obtain an in-depth understanding and data of the research subjects locating in particular selected field.

The hypocrisy of sustaining the objectivity during the process of ethnographic research has been under much more suspicion nowadays. This research sought to answer the following research questions: is there a difference between STEM teacher perception and administrator perception, and are there differences in perception of professional.

Being a Carful observer In this chapter Merriam The author suggest that a researcher need a training and mental preparation to obtain those results when using observation as method since this is a skill that had to be developed to write descriptively, record everything that has been observed and recognize suitable and important information, not only by observing public places but also observing videotapes. Merriam, explain that observations are helpful when triangulating emerging findings since the participant observer use the prior knowledge and consult the expertise relating with the propose of the investigation and can identify those emerging findings which are relating with the primary question.

In addition observations are useful to recognize general characteristics and particular behavior, situation and information that is firsthand to the investigator and offers information that participants are not willing to give.

For details of how the melting point of lead is determined under laboratory conditions, see Bogen and Woodward , — See Feest , 63— See Rheinberger , Ainsworth, M.

Attachments and other affectional bonds across the life-cycle. Riccuiti Eds. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar. Anstey, P. Early Science and Medicine, 19 , — Article Google Scholar. Apel, J.

On the meaning and the epistemological relevance of the notion of scientific phenomena. Synthese, , 23— Introduction and Translation by H. Barnes, B. Scientific knowledge: A sociological analysis. Beaumont, W. Experiments and observations on the gastric juice and the physiology of digestion. Boston: F. Bernard, C. An introduction to the study of experimental medicine. New York: Dover Publications Inc. Blum, D. Love at Goon Park: Harry Harlow and the science of affection.

Cambridge, MA: Perseus. Bogen, J. Saving the phenomena. The Philosophical Review, 97 , — Brandon, R. Biology and Philosophy, 14 , 1—7. Burian, R. Exploratory experimentation and the role of histochemical techniques in the work of Jean Brachet, — History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 19 , 27— On micro RNA and the need for exploratory experimentation in post-genomic molecular biology.

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 29 , — Chang, H. The philosophical grammar of scientific practice. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 25 , — Collins, H. Changing order.

Crary, J. Techniques of the observer: On vision and modernity in the nineteenth century. Suspensions of perception: Attention spectacle and modern culture. Danson, E. Weighing the world: The quest to measure the Earth.

Oxford: Oxford University Press. Daston, L. The empire of observation. Lunbeck Eds. New York: Zone Books. Dean, D. James Hutton and his public, — Annals of Science, 30 , 89— James Hutton and the history of geology. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Dear, P. Discipline and experience: The mathematical way in the scientific revolution.

Book Google Scholar. Falkenburg, B. How to observe quarks. Pauri Eds. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Chapter Google Scholar. Feest, U. What exactly is stabilized when phenomena are stabilized? Synthese, , 57— Fodor, J.

Observation reconsidered. Philosophy of Science, 51 , 23— Franklin, A. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, 11 , — The neglect of experiment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Experiment in physics. In Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Galison, P. Theoretical predispositions in experimental physics: Einstein and the gyromagnetic experiments, — Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, 12 , — How the first neutral current experiments ended.

Reviews of Modern Physics, 55 , — Bubble chambers and the experimental workplace. Hannaway Eds. How experiments end. Glymour, B. Data and phenomena: A distinction reconsidered. Erkenntis, 52 , 29— Gooding, D.

Isis, 73 , 46— Experiment and the making of meaning. Boston: Kluwer Academic. Putting agency back into experiment. Pickering Ed. Newton-Smith Ed. Goodstein, D. In defence of Robert Andrews Millikan. American Scientist, 89 , 54— Hacking, I. Representing and intervening. Extragalactic reality: The case of gravitational lensing.

Philosophy of Science, 56 , — The self-vindication of the laboratory sciences. Hagen, J. Retelling experiments: H.

Biology and Philosophy, 14 , 39— Hanson, N. Patterns of discovery. Hoffmann, C. Unter Beobachtung: Naturforschung in der Zeit der Sinnesapparate. Gottingen: Wallstein. Holton, G. Subelectrons, presuppositions, and the Millikan—Ehrenhaft dispute. Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, 9 , — Kettlewell, H.

Selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity, 9 , — Further selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity, 10 , — A survey of the frequencies of Biston betularia L.

Heredity, 12 , 51— Kohler, R. Systems of production: Drosophila, neurospora and biochemical genetics. Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences, 22 , 87— Kuhn, T. Mathematical vs. Latour, B.

Laboratory life: The construction of scientific facts. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lindberg, D. The beginnings of western science.

Lloyd, G. Ancient worlds, modern reflections: Philosophical perspectives on Greek and Chinese science and culture. Principles and practices in ancient Greek and Chinese science.

Aldershot: Variorum. Maxwell, G. The ontological status of theoretical entities. Maxwell Eds. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. McAllister, J.

Phenomena and patterns in data sets. Erkenntis, 47 , — Millikan, R. On the elementary charge and the Avogadro constant. The Physical Review, II , — Newton, I. The mathematical principles of natural philosophy. New York: Daniel Adee. Niaz, M. An appraisal of the controversial nature of the oil drop experiment: Is closure possible? British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 56 , — Exploratory experimentation and scientific practice: metagenomics and the proteorhodopsin case.

Park, K. Observation in the margins, — Pickering, A. The hunting of the quark. Isis, 72 , — Pinch, T. Towards an analysis of scientific observation: The externality and evidential significance of observational reports in physics. Social Studies of Science, 15 , 3— Pomata, G. Observation rising: Birth of an epistemic genre, — Pormann, P. Medieval Islamic medicine.

Washington D. Prior, V. Understanding attachment and attachment disorders: Theory, evidence and practice. London: Jessica Kingsley. Radder, H. The philosophy of scientific experimentation. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Towards a more developed philosophy of scientific experimentation. Radder Ed.

Repcheck, J. The man who found time. London: Perseus. Rheinberger, H. Towards a history of epistemic things: Synthesizing proteins in the test tube. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Rudge, D. Taking the peppered moth with a grain of salt.

Biology and Philosophy, 14 , 9— Perspectives on Science, 9 , 59— Did Kettlewell commit Fraud? Re-examining the evidence. Public Understanding of Science, 14 , — Bio-Science, 55 , — Ford, E. Cockayne and P.

History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 28 , — Heslop Harrison. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 99 , — Rudwick, M. The Great Devonian controversy: The shaping of scientific knowledge among gentlemanly specialists.

The new science of geology: Studies in the earth sciences in the age of revolution. London: Ashgate. Lyell and Darwin, geologists: Studies in the earth sciences in the age of reform. Bursting the limits of time: the reconstruction of geohistory in the age of revolution. Sabra, A. Situating Arabic science: Locality versus essence.

Isis, 87 , — Sabra Eds. Schickore, J. The microscope and the eye: A history of reflections, — Schindler, S. Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 38 , — Synthese, , 39— Shapere, D. The concept of observation in science and philosophy. Philosophy of Science, 49 , — Astronomy and antirealism. Philosophy of Science, 60 , — Smallwood, J. John Playfair on Schiehallion, — Knell Eds. London: The Geological Society. Smith, A. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.

Steinle, F. Entering new fields: Exploratory uses of experimentation. Philosophy of Science Proceedings , 64 , S65—S Experiments in history and philosophy of science. Perspectives on Science, 10 , — Stuewer, R. The Compton effect. New York: Science History Publications. Tiles, J. Experiment as intervention. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 44 , — Turnball, D.

For an observation, errors and miscalculations are acceptable since we are only gathering data based on what is shown to us. Before we can come up with one, we need to be certain that all results have been verified and that no mistakes are made.

Difference Between Observation and Conclusion. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. MLA 8 K, Maureen. Name required. Email required. Please note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment. There is no need to resubmit your comment. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail.